History of Bitcoin

Leibnitz calculator Name: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz(1646-1716) - Developed the idea to the binary system - Invented calculus - Invented an early digital calculator a manual processing unit capable of performing basic arithmetical operations of addition, subtraction,multiplication and division

Name: Alan Turing(1912-1954) Achievements: - In 1936 Alan Turing wrote "On computable numbers" which explained that it was possible to build a computer, that could solve a clearly defined mathematical problem. - The British mathematician cracked the German code machine Enigma, he invented a machine that could decipher the German armys code, so Allied forces could read the enemys communication, this stopped the German wolfpack submarine attacks on British and American supply ships. His hacking of the Enigma machine saved an estimated 14 million Allied lives. - personal signed copy of 1938 PhD dissertation, 'Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals'. It sold for 110500 ukp at auction. - 'On Computable Numbers' known as 'Turing's Proof' which introduced the world to the idea of a universal computing machine in 1936, sold for 200000 ukp. Described as the first programming manual of the computer age. Website: https://www.turing.org.uk/ https://w...

Name:William Feller(1906-1970) born with the name Vilibald Srecko Feller Achievements: A skilled mathematician and expert in probability theory. His work an introduction to probability theory and its applications, Volume 1(1957) is mentioned in the Bitcoin whitepaper as reference number 8. Links: https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Feller/ https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/feller-william.pdf https://www.wiley.com/en-us/An+Introduction+to+Probability+Theory+and+Its+Applications%2C+Volume+1%2C+3rd+Edition-p-9780471257080 https://www.goodreads.com/author/list/395110.William_Feller https://www.lapasserelle.com/escem/finance1/02_probabilities/william_feller.htm

Name :Ralph Merkle Achievements: - The man that invented cryptographic hash functions. The mathematical equation that encrypts and secures  Bitcoin is based on an invention that Ralph Merkle developed in 1975 for an undergraduate project. - One of the inventors of public key cryptography Bitcoin whitepaper reference 7 R.C. Merkle, "Protocols for public key cryptosystems," In Proc. 1980 Symposium on Security and Privacy, IEEE Computer Society, pages 122-133, April 1980 Website: http://www.merkle.com/1974/Puzzles1975.12.07.pdf http://www.merkle.com/

Name: Adam Back Achievements: - computer science PhD in distributed systems from the University of Exeter. - He invented the proof-of-work algorithm that is the foundation of Bitcoin’s security model - The proof-of-work system Hashcash, invented in 1997 is a system to eliminate spam in email - Bitcoin whitepaper Reference number 6 Hashcash - A Denial of Service Counter-Measure - August 1, 2002 - Prefers the programming language C instead of C++ - implemented credlib, a library that implements the credential systems of Stefan Brands and David Chaum. - Joined BitcoinTalk 2013 and Bitcoin miner to late 2013 - Founded Blockstream  and ceo october 2016 - Was an applied crypography consultant to startups, worked for startups and bigger companies - Adam Back lost 108.45 Bitcoin on MT gox attack Websites: https://blockstream.com/ https://soundcloud.com/epicenterbitcoin/sets/blocksize-debate

Name :D.Bayer Achievements: Bitcoin whitepaper Reference 4:D. Bayer, S. Haber, W.S. Stornetta, "Improving the efficiency and reliability of digital time-stamping," In Sequences II: Methods in Communication, Security and Computer Science, pages 329-334, 1993

Name :Xavier Serret Avila Achievements: Bitcoin whitepaper Reference 2:   H. Massias, X.S. Avila, and J.-J. Quisquater, "Design of a secure timestamping service with minimal trust requirements," In 20th Symposium on Information Theory in the Benelux, May 1999.

Name: Henri Massias Achievements : A Ph.D in Mathematics in 2000 with "La certification cryptographique du temps" Bitcoin whitepaper Reference 2: H. Massias, X.S. Avila, and J.-J. Quisquater, "Design of a secure timestamping service with minimal trust requirements," In 20th Symposium on Information Theory in the Benelux, May 1999.

Name : Wei Dai " I was very interested to read your b-money page, I am getting ready to release a paper that expands your idea. " Satoshi Nakamoto Achievements: - Graduate from the University of Washington in computer science - The creator of b-money in  November 1998 which described the ledger that later became the bitcoin blockchain - Created SHA256 implementation - Cypherpunk academic 9 and Extropian - Visual C++ programmer - Had a C++ library which Satoshi Nakamoto used - Began bitcoin mining in early 2011  - Identified critical Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) vulnerabilities affecting SSH2 - Discovered Browser exploit against SSL/TLS known as BEAST Bitcoin whitepaper Reference 1 Wei Dai, "b-money"  Website:   https://lesswrong.com/user/Wei_Dai/submitted Wei Dai's Home Page

Name:W.Scott Stornetta Achievements: Created with Stuart Haber the first commercial blockchain in 1991 at Bellcore A Ph,D in Physics from Stanford Chief scientist First digital capital Bitcoin whitepaper Reference 3 S. Haber, W.S. Stornetta, "How to time-stamp a digital document," In Journal of Cryptology, vol 3, no 2, pages 99-111, 1991. Bitcoin whitepaper Reference 4 S. Haber, W.S. Stornetta, "Secure names for bit-strings," In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pages 28-35, April 1997.

Name: Stuart Haber Achievements: Ph.D & M.Phil Columbia University With  W.S. Stornetta while researching at Bellcore in 1991 developed a blockchain Surety. Stuart Haber is a director of the International Association for Cryptologic Research Advisor at Yugen Partners. He is referenced 3 times in the Bitcoin white paper: reference 3: S. Haber, W.S. Stornetta, "How to time-stamp a digital document," In Journal of Cryptology, vol 3, no 2, pages 99-111, 1991. reference 4: D. Bayer, S. Haber, W.S. Stornetta, "Improving the efficiency and reliability of digital time-stamping," In Sequences II: Methods in Communication, Security and Computer Science, pages 329-334, 1993. reference 5: S. Haber, W.S. Stornetta, "Secure names for bit-strings," In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pages 28-35, April 1997. http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=VD1JyXcAAAAJ&hl=en

Name :David Chaum Achievements: - Pioneer of early cryptography - Proposed Digital cash in 1982 blind signatures for untraceable payments  - Released a whitepaper named security without identification: Transaction systems to make big brother obsolete - Founder of Digicash in 1990 and developed ecash - Unfortunately Digicash closed in 1999 and credit cards became the dominant form of electronic payments. Websites: https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-29032399 Litterature by David Chaum: 1982: Blind Signatures for Untraceable Payments which contained the first description of a digital scheme 1985: Together With Israeli cryptographers Amos Fiat and Moni Naor he wrote the paper untraceable electronic cash 1988: Untraceable Electronic Mail, Return Addresses, and Digital Pseudonyms  1988: The Dining Cryptographers Problem: Unconditional Sender and Recipient Untraceability  1989: Online Cash Checks